). It is determined using the implicit or found visually on a Moody Diagram . The Hazen-Williams Equation
For 4-inch OD = 4.5 in, P=600 psig, T=300°F. From ASME B31.3, A106 Gr B at 300°F: S = 17,100 psi. E=1.0, W=1.0, Y=0.4. t_min = (600 * 4.5) / (2*(17,100 1.0 1.0 + 0.4 600)) = 2700 / (2 (17,100 + 240)) = 2700 / 34,680 = 0.078 inches. Add corrosion (0.0625") → 0.1405". Add 12.5% tolerance → 0.1606". 4-inch Sch 40 wall thickness = 0.237". → Adequate.
): Flow is unstable and oscillates between laminar and turbulent states. Turbulent Flow ( From ASME B31
For laminar flow, the friction factor is independent of pipe roughness: .For turbulent flow,
Compute the total friction loss across the run, including valves and fittings using equivalent length methods ( Leqcap L sub e q end-sub 3. Pressure Rating and Wall Thickness Calculation Add corrosion (0
Sizing is the intersection of hydraulic requirements and economic optimization.
The Reynolds Number (Re) determines whether flow is laminar or turbulent: Pipe Sizing Criteria and Methodology
) Method: Converts the resistance of a fitting into an equivalent length of straight pipe of the same nominal diameter. Total length 2. Pipe Sizing Criteria and Methodology